The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learners’ Memory: A Systematic Review
Summary
A PRISMA-2020 systematic review of 26 empirical studies examining how AI tools, including LLMs and adaptive systems, affect encoding, retention, and retrieval in formal education.
Key quotes
Outcomes were predominantly positive: multiple studies improved immediate retention and demonstrated advantages at delay
benefits were largest when AI support added structure (e.g., retrieval practice, mnemonics), targeted metacognitive or affective processes, or personalized prompts
The review synthesizes research across K-12, higher education, and adult learning, comparing AI-enabled tools against traditional instructional methods. It maps findings to cognitive frameworks such as Cognitive Load Theory and the testing effect.